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/**
 * Abilities API: core functions for registering and managing abilities.
 *
 * The Abilities API provides a unified, extensible framework for registering
 * and executing discrete capabilities within WordPress. An &quot;ability&quot; is a
 * self-contained unit of functionality with defined inputs, outputs, permissions,
 * and execution logic.
 *
 * ## Overview
 *
 * The Abilities API enables developers to:
 *
 *  - Register custom abilities with standardized interfaces.
 *  - Define permission checks and execution callbacks.
 *  - Organize abilities into logical categories.
 *  - Validate inputs and outputs using JSON Schema.
 *  - Expose abilities to clients such as the REST API.
 *
 * ## Working with Abilities
 *
 * Abilities must be registered on the `wp_abilities_api_init` action hook.
 * Attempting to register an ability outside of this hook will fail and
 * trigger a `_doing_it_wrong()` notice.

 * Example:
 *
 *     function my_plugin_register_abilities(): void {
 *         wp_register_ability(
 *             &#039;my-plugin/export-users&#039;,
 *             array(
 *                 &#039;label&#039;               =&gt; __( &#039;Export Users&#039;, &#039;my-plugin&#039; ),
 *                 &#039;description&#039;         =&gt; __( &#039;Exports user data to CSV format.&#039;, &#039;my-plugin&#039; ),
 *                 &#039;category&#039;            =&gt; &#039;data-export&#039;,
 *                 &#039;execute_callback&#039;    =&gt; &#039;my_plugin_export_users&#039;,
 *                 &#039;permission_callback&#039; =&gt; function(): bool {
 *                     return current_user_can( &#039;export&#039; );
 *                 },
 *                 &#039;input_schema&#039;        =&gt; array(
 *                     &#039;type&#039;        =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
 *                     &#039;enum&#039;        =&gt; array( &#039;subscriber&#039;, &#039;contributor&#039;, &#039;author&#039;, &#039;editor&#039;, &#039;administrator&#039; ),
 *                     &#039;description&#039; =&gt; __( &#039;Limits the export to users with this role.&#039;, &#039;my-plugin&#039; ),
 *                     &#039;required&#039;    =&gt; false,
 *                 ),
 *                 &#039;output_schema&#039;       =&gt; array(
 *                     &#039;type&#039;        =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
 *                     &#039;description&#039; =&gt; __( &#039;User data in CSV format.&#039;, &#039;my-plugin&#039; ),
 *                     &#039;required&#039;    =&gt; true,
 *                 ),
 *                 &#039;meta&#039;                =&gt; array(
 *                     &#039;public&#039; =&gt; true,
 *                 ),
 *             )
 *         );
 *     }
 *     add_action( &#039;wp_abilities_api_init&#039;, &#039;my_plugin_register_abilities&#039; );
 *
 * Once registered, abilities can be checked, retrieved, and managed:
 *
 *     // Checks if an ability is registered, and prints its label.
 *     if ( wp_has_ability( &#039;my-plugin/export-users&#039; ) ) {
 *         $ability = wp_get_ability( &#039;my-plugin/export-users&#039; );
 *
 *         echo $ability-&gt;get_label();
 *     }
 *
 *     // Gets all registered abilities.
 *     $all_abilities = wp_get_abilities();
 *
 *     // Unregisters when no longer needed.
 *     wp_unregister_ability( &#039;my-plugin/export-users&#039; );
 *
 * ## Best Practices
 *
 *  - Always register abilities on the `wp_abilities_api_init` hook.
 *  - Use namespaced ability names to prevent conflicts.
 *  - Implement robust permission checks in permission callbacks.
 *  - Provide an `input_schema` to ensure data integrity and document expected inputs.
 *  - Define an `output_schema` to describe return values and validate responses.
 *  - Return `WP_Error` objects for failures rather than throwing exceptions.
 *  - Use internationalization functions for all user-facing strings.
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage Abilities_API
 * @since 6.9.0
 */

declare( strict_types = 1 );

/**
 * Registers a new ability using the Abilities API. It requires three steps:
 *
 *  1. Hook into the `wp_abilities_api_init` action.
 *  2. Call `wp_register_ability()` with a namespaced name and configuration.
 *  3. Provide execute and permission callbacks.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     function my_plugin_register_abilities(): void {
 *         wp_register_ability(
 *             &#039;my-plugin/analyze-text&#039;,
 *             array(
 *                 &#039;label&#039;               =&gt; __( &#039;Analyze Text&#039;, &#039;my-plugin&#039; ),
 *                 &#039;description&#039;         =&gt; __( &#039;Performs sentiment analysis on provided text.&#039;, &#039;my-plugin&#039; ),
 *                 &#039;category&#039;            =&gt; &#039;text-processing&#039;,
 *                 &#039;input_schema&#039;        =&gt; array(
 *                     &#039;type&#039;        =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
 *                     &#039;description&#039; =&gt; __( &#039;The text to be analyzed.&#039;, &#039;my-plugin&#039; ),
 *                     &#039;minLength&#039;   =&gt; 10,
 *                     &#039;required&#039;    =&gt; true,
 *                 ),
 *                 &#039;output_schema&#039;       =&gt; array(
 *                     &#039;type&#039;        =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
 *                     &#039;enum&#039;        =&gt; array( &#039;positive&#039;, &#039;negative&#039;, &#039;neutral&#039; ),
 *                     &#039;description&#039; =&gt; __( &#039;The sentiment result: positive, negative, or neutral.&#039;, &#039;my-plugin&#039; ),
 *                     &#039;required&#039;    =&gt; true,
 *                 ),
 *                 &#039;execute_callback&#039;    =&gt; &#039;my_plugin_analyze_text&#039;,
 *                 &#039;permission_callback&#039; =&gt; &#039;my_plugin_can_analyze_text&#039;,
 *                 &#039;meta&#039;                =&gt; array(
 *                     &#039;annotations&#039; =&gt; array(
 *                         &#039;readonly&#039; =&gt; true,
 *                     ),
 *                     &#039;public&#039;      =&gt; true,
 *                 ),
 *             )
 *         );
 *     }
 *     add_action( &#039;wp_abilities_api_init&#039;, &#039;my_plugin_register_abilities&#039; );
 *
 * ### Naming Conventions
 *
 * Ability names must follow these rules:
 *
 *  - Include a namespace prefix (e.g., `my-plugin/my-ability`).
 *  - Use only lowercase alphanumeric characters, dashes, and forward slashes.
 *  - Use descriptive, action-oriented names (e.g., `process-payment`, `generate-report`).
 *
 * ### Categories
 *
 * Abilities must be organized into categories. Ability categories provide better
 * discoverability and must be registered before the abilities that reference them:
 *
 *     function my_plugin_register_categories(): void {
 *         wp_register_ability_category(
 *             &#039;text-processing&#039;,
 *             array(
 *                 &#039;label&#039;       =&gt; __( &#039;Text Processing&#039;, &#039;my-plugin&#039; ),
 *                 &#039;description&#039; =&gt; __( &#039;Abilities for analyzing and transforming text.&#039;, &#039;my-plugin&#039; ),
 *             )
 *         );
 *     }
 *     add_action( &#039;wp_abilities_api_categories_init&#039;, &#039;my_plugin_register_categories&#039; );
 *
 * ### Input and Output Schemas
 *
 * Schemas define the expected structure, type, and constraints for ability inputs
 * and outputs using JSON Schema syntax. They serve two critical purposes: automatic
 * validation of data passed to and returned from abilities, and self-documenting
 * API contracts for developers.
 *
 * WordPress implements a validator based on a subset of the JSON Schema Version 4
 * specification (https://json-schema.org/specification-links.html#draft-4).
 * For details on supported JSON Schema properties and syntax, see the
 * related WordPress REST API Schema documentation:
 * https://developer.wordpress.org/rest-api/extending-the-rest-api/schema/#json-schema-basics
 *
 * Defining schemas is mandatory when there is a value to pass or return.
 * They ensure data integrity, improve developer experience, and enable
 * better documentation:
 *
 *     &#039;input_schema&#039; =&gt; array(
 *         &#039;type&#039;        =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
 *         &#039;description&#039; =&gt; __( &#039;The text to be analyzed.&#039;, &#039;my-plugin&#039; ),
 *         &#039;minLength&#039;   =&gt; 10,
 *         &#039;required&#039;    =&gt; true,
 *     ),
 *     &#039;output_schema&#039;       =&gt; array(
 *         &#039;type&#039;        =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
 *         &#039;enum&#039;        =&gt; array( &#039;positive&#039;, &#039;negative&#039;, &#039;neutral&#039; ),
 *         &#039;description&#039; =&gt; __( &#039;The sentiment result: positive, negative, or neutral.&#039;, &#039;my-plugin&#039; ),
 *         &#039;required&#039;    =&gt; true,
 *     ),
 *
 * ### Callbacks
 *
 * #### Execute Callback
 *
 * The execute callback performs the ability&#039;s core functionality. It receives
 * optional input data and returns either a result or `WP_Error` on failure.
 *
 *     function my_plugin_analyze_text( string $input ): string|WP_Error {
 *         $score = My_Plugin::perform_sentiment_analysis( $input );
 *         if ( is_wp_error( $score ) ) {
 *             return $score;
 *         }
 *         return My_Plugin::interpret_sentiment_score( $score );
 *     }
 *
 * #### Permission Callback
 *
 * The permission callback determines whether the ability can be executed.
 * It receives the same input as the execute callback and must return a
 * boolean or `WP_Error`. Common use cases include checking user capabilities,
 * validating API keys, or verifying system state:
 *
 *     function my_plugin_can_analyze_text( string $input ): bool|WP_Error {
 *         return current_user_can( &#039;edit_posts&#039; );
 *     }
 *
 * ### Client Exposure
 *
 * Set the high-level `public` flag to make an ability available to clients
 * such as the REST API, MCP, or AI agents:
 *
 *     &#039;meta&#039; =&gt; array(
 *         &#039;public&#039; =&gt; true,
 *     ),
 *
 * The `public` flag seeds the default for each per-channel flag. For the REST
 * API it seeds `show_in_rest`, which lets the ability be invoked via HTTP
 * requests. Set a per-channel flag directly to override that default. For
 * example, keep a public ability out of the REST API:
 *
 *     &#039;meta&#039; =&gt; array(
 *         &#039;public&#039;       =&gt; true,
 *         &#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; false,
 *     ),
 *
 * @since 6.9.0
 *
 * @see WP_Abilities_Registry::register()
 * @see wp_register_ability_category()
 * @see wp_unregister_ability()
 *
 * @param string               $name The name of the ability. Must be a namespaced string containing
 *                                   a prefix, e.g., `my-plugin/my-ability`. Can only contain lowercase
 *                                   alphanumeric characters, dashes, and forward slashes.
 * @param array&lt;string, mixed&gt; $args {
 *     An associative array of arguments for configuring the ability.
 *
 *     @type string               $label               Required. The human-readable label for the ability.
 *     @type string               $description         Required. A detailed description of what the ability does
 *                                                     and when it should be used.
 *     @type string               $category            Required. The ability category slug this ability belongs to.
 *                                                     The ability category must be registered via `wp_register_ability_category()`
 *                                                     before registering the ability.
 *     @type callable             $execute_callback    Required. A callback function to execute when the ability is invoked.
 *                                                     Receives optional mixed input data and must return either a result
 *                                                     value (any type) or a `WP_Error` object on failure.
 *     @type callable             $permission_callback Required. A callback function to check permissions before execution.
 *                                                     Receives optional mixed input data (same as `execute_callback`) and
 *                                                     must return `true`/`false` for simple checks, or `WP_Error` for
 *                                                     detailed error responses.
 *     @type array&lt;string, mixed&gt; $input_schema        Optional. JSON Schema definition for validating the ability&#039;s input.
 *                                                     Must be a valid JSON Schema object defining the structure and
 *                                                     constraints for input data. Used for automatic validation and
 *                                                     API documentation.
 *     @type array&lt;string, mixed&gt; $output_schema       Optional. JSON Schema definition for the ability&#039;s output.
 *                                                     Describes the structure of successful return values from
 *                                                     `execute_callback`. Used for documentation and validation.
 *     @type array&lt;string, mixed&gt; $meta                {
 *         Optional. Additional metadata for the ability.
 *
 *         @type array&lt;string, bool|null&gt; $annotations  {
 *             Optional. Semantic annotations describing the ability&#039;s behavioral characteristics.
 *             These annotations are hints for tooling and documentation.
 *
 *             @type bool|null $readonly    Optional. If true, the ability does not modify its environment.
 *             @type bool|null $destructive Optional. If true, the ability may perform destructive updates to its environment.
 *                                          If false, the ability performs only additive updates.
 *             @type bool|null $idempotent  Optional. If true, calling the ability repeatedly with the same arguments
 *                                          will have no additional effect on its environment.
 *         }
 *         @type bool                     $public       Optional. Whether the ability is meant to be available to
 *                                                      clients such as the REST API, MCP, or AI agents. Seeds
 *                                                      the default for per-channel flags like `$show_in_rest`.
 *                                                      Defaults to false.
 *         @type bool                     $show_in_rest Optional. Whether to expose this ability in the REST API.
 *                                                      When true, the ability can be invoked via HTTP requests.
 *                                                      Default is the value of `$public` when set, false otherwise.
 *     }
 *     @type string               $ability_class       Optional. Fully-qualified custom class name to instantiate
 *                                                     instead of the default `WP_Ability` class. The custom class
 *                                                     must extend `WP_Ability`. Useful for advanced customization
 *                                                     of ability behavior.
 * }
 * @return WP_Ability|null The registered ability instance on success, `null` on failure.
 */
function wp_register_ability( string $name, array $args ): ?WP_Ability {
	if ( ! doing_action( &#039;wp_abilities_api_init&#039; ) ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: wp_abilities_api_init, 2: string value of the ability name. */
				__( &#039;Abilities must be registered on the %1$s action. The ability %2$s was not registered.&#039; ),
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;wp_abilities_api_init&lt;/code&gt;&#039;,
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . esc_html( $name ) . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;
			),
			&#039;6.9.0&#039;
		);
		return null;
	}

	$registry = WP_Abilities_Registry::get_instance();
	if ( null === $registry ) {
		return null;
	}

	return $registry-&gt;register( $name, $args );
}

/**
 * Unregisters an ability from the Abilities API.
 *
 * Removes a previously registered ability from the global registry. Use this to
 * disable abilities provided by other plugins or when an ability is no longer needed.
 *
 * Can be called at any time after the ability has been registered.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     if ( wp_has_ability( &#039;other-plugin/some-ability&#039; ) ) {
 *         wp_unregister_ability( &#039;other-plugin/some-ability&#039; );
 *     }
 *
 * @since 6.9.0
 *
 * @see WP_Abilities_Registry::unregister()
 * @see wp_register_ability()
 *
 * @param string $name The name of the ability to unregister, including namespace prefix
 *                     (e.g., &#039;my-plugin/my-ability&#039;).
 * @return WP_Ability|null The unregistered ability instance on success, `null` on failure.
 */
function wp_unregister_ability( string $name ): ?WP_Ability {
	$registry = WP_Abilities_Registry::get_instance();
	if ( null === $registry ) {
		return null;
	}

	return $registry-&gt;unregister( $name );
}

/**
 * Checks if an ability is registered.
 *
 * Use this for conditional logic and feature detection before attempting to
 * retrieve or use an ability.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     // Displays different UI based on available abilities.
 *     if ( wp_has_ability( &#039;premium-plugin/advanced-export&#039; ) ) {
 *         echo &#039;Export with Premium Features&#039;;
 *     } else {
 *         echo &#039;Basic Export&#039;;
 *     }
 *
 * @since 6.9.0
 *
 * @see WP_Abilities_Registry::is_registered()
 * @see wp_get_ability()
 *
 * @param string $name The name of the ability to check, including namespace prefix
 *                     (e.g., &#039;my-plugin/my-ability&#039;).
 * @return bool `true` if the ability is registered, `false` otherwise.
 */
function wp_has_ability( string $name ): bool {
	$registry = WP_Abilities_Registry::get_instance();
	if ( null === $registry ) {
		return false;
	}

	return $registry-&gt;is_registered( $name );
}

/**
 * Retrieves a registered ability.
 *
 * Returns the ability instance for inspection or use. The instance provides access
 * to the ability&#039;s configuration, metadata, and execution methods.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     // Prints information about a registered ability.
 *     $ability = wp_get_ability( &#039;my-plugin/export-data&#039; );
 *     if ( $ability ) {
 *         echo $ability-&gt;get_label() . &#039;: &#039; . $ability-&gt;get_description();
 *     }
 *
 * @since 6.9.0
 *
 * @see WP_Abilities_Registry::get_registered()
 * @see wp_has_ability()
 *
 * @param string $name The name of the ability, including namespace prefix
 *                     (e.g., &#039;my-plugin/my-ability&#039;).
 * @return WP_Ability|null The registered ability instance, or `null` if not registered.
 */
function wp_get_ability( string $name ): ?WP_Ability {
	$registry = WP_Abilities_Registry::get_instance();
	if ( null === $registry ) {
		return null;
	}

	return $registry-&gt;get_registered( $name );
}

/**
 * Retrieves registered abilities, optionally filtered by the given arguments.
 *
 * When called without arguments, returns all registered abilities. When called
 * with an $args array, returns only abilities that match every specified condition.
 *
 * Filtering pipeline (executed in order):
 *
 * 1. Declarative filters (`category`, `namespace`, `meta`) — per-item, AND logic between
 *    arg types.
 * 2. `item_include_callback` — per-item, caller-scoped. Return true to include, false to exclude.
 * 3. `wp_get_abilities_item_include` filter — per-item, ecosystem-scoped. Plugins can enforce
 *    universal inclusion rules regardless of what the caller passed.
 * 4. `result_callback` — on the full matched array, caller-scoped. Sort, slice, or reshape.
 * 5. `wp_get_abilities_result` filter — on the full array, ecosystem-scoped.
 *
 * Steps 1–3 run inside a single loop over the registry — no extra iteration.
 *
 * Examples:
 *
 *     // All abilities (unchanged behaviour).
 *     $abilities = wp_get_abilities();
 *
 *     // Filter by category.
 *     $abilities = wp_get_abilities( array( &#039;category&#039; =&gt; &#039;content&#039; ) );
 *
 *     // Filter by namespace.
 *     $abilities = wp_get_abilities( array( &#039;namespace&#039; =&gt; &#039;woocommerce&#039; ) );
 *
 *     // Filter by meta.
 *     $abilities = wp_get_abilities( array( &#039;meta&#039; =&gt; array( &#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; true ) ) );
 *
 *     // Combine filters (AND logic between arg types).
 *     $abilities = wp_get_abilities( array(
 *         &#039;category&#039;  =&gt; &#039;content&#039;,
 *         &#039;namespace&#039; =&gt; &#039;core&#039;,
 *         &#039;meta&#039;      =&gt; array( &#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; true ),
 *     ) );
 *
 *     // Caller-scoped per-item callback.
 *     $abilities = wp_get_abilities( array(
 *         &#039;item_include_callback&#039; =&gt; function ( WP_Ability $ability ) {
 *             return current_user_can( &#039;manage_options&#039; );
 *         },
 *     ) );
 *
 *     // Caller-scoped result callback (sort + paginate).
 *     $abilities = wp_get_abilities( array(
 *         &#039;result_callback&#039; =&gt; function ( array $abilities ) {
 *             usort( $abilities, fn( $a, $b ) =&gt; strcasecmp( $a-&gt;get_label(), $b-&gt;get_label() ) );
 *             return array_slice( $abilities, 0, 10 );
 *         },
 *     ) );
 *
 * The pipeline always runs, even when called with no arguments. This ensures that the
 * `wp_get_abilities_item_include` and `wp_get_abilities_result` filters always fire,
 * giving plugins a reliable place to enforce universal inclusion or shaping rules.
 * For raw, unfiltered registry data that bypasses the filter pipeline entirely, use
 * {@see WP_Abilities_Registry::get_all_registered()} directly.
 *
 * @since 6.9.0
 * @since 7.1.0 Added the `$args` parameter for filtering support.
 *
 * @see WP_Abilities_Registry::get_all_registered()
 *
 * @param array $args {
 *     Optional. Arguments to filter the returned abilities. Default empty array (returns all).
 *
 *     @type string          $category              Filter by category slug. Only abilities whose category
 *                                                  exactly matches the given slug are included.
 *     @type string          $namespace             Filter by ability namespace prefix. Pass the namespace
 *                                                  without a trailing slash, e.g. `&#039;woocommerce&#039;` matches
 *                                                  `&#039;woocommerce/create-order&#039;`.
 *     @type array           $meta                  Filter by meta key/value pairs. All conditions must
 *                                                  match (AND logic). Supports nested arrays for structured
 *                                                  meta, e.g. `array( &#039;mcp&#039; =&gt; array( &#039;public&#039; =&gt; true ) )`.
 *     @type callable        $item_include_callback Optional. A callback invoked per ability after declarative
 *                                                  filters. Receives a WP_Ability instance, returns bool.
 *                                                  Return true to include, false to exclude.
 *     @type callable        $result_callback       Optional. A callback invoked once on the full matched
 *                                                  array. Receives WP_Ability[], must return WP_Ability[].
 *                                                  Use for sorting, slicing, or reshaping the result.
 * }
 * @return WP_Ability[] An array of registered WP_Ability instances matching the given args,
 *                      keyed by ability name. Returns an empty array if no abilities are
 *                      registered, the registry is unavailable, or no abilities match the
 *                      given args.
 */
function wp_get_abilities( array $args = array() ): array {
	$registry = WP_Abilities_Registry::get_instance();
	if ( null === $registry ) {
		return array();
	}

	$abilities = $registry-&gt;get_all_registered();

	$category              = isset( $args[&#039;category&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; is_string( $args[&#039;category&#039;] ) ? $args[&#039;category&#039;] : &#039;&#039;;
	$namespace             = isset( $args[&#039;namespace&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; is_string( $args[&#039;namespace&#039;] ) ? rtrim( $args[&#039;namespace&#039;], &#039;/&#039; ) . &#039;/&#039; : &#039;&#039;;
	$meta                  = isset( $args[&#039;meta&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; is_array( $args[&#039;meta&#039;] ) ? $args[&#039;meta&#039;] : array();
	$item_include_callback = isset( $args[&#039;item_include_callback&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; is_callable( $args[&#039;item_include_callback&#039;] ) ? $args[&#039;item_include_callback&#039;] : null;
	$result_callback       = isset( $args[&#039;result_callback&#039;] ) &amp;&amp; is_callable( $args[&#039;result_callback&#039;] ) ? $args[&#039;result_callback&#039;] : null;

	$matched = array();

	foreach ( $abilities as $name =&gt; $ability ) {
		// Step 1a: Filter by category.
		if ( &#039;&#039; !== $category &amp;&amp; $ability-&gt;get_category() !== $category ) {
			continue;
		}

		// Step 1b: Filter by namespace prefix.
		if ( &#039;&#039; !== $namespace &amp;&amp; ! str_starts_with( $ability-&gt;get_name(), $namespace ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		// Step 1c: Filter by meta key/value pairs (AND logic, supports nested arrays).
		if ( ! empty( $meta ) &amp;&amp; ! _wp_get_abilities_match_meta( $ability-&gt;get_meta(), $meta ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		// Step 2: Caller-scoped per-item callback.
		$include = true;
		if ( null !== $item_include_callback ) {
			$include = (bool) call_user_func( $item_include_callback, $ability );
		}

		/**
		 * Filters whether an individual ability should be included in the result set.
		 *
		 * Fires after the declarative filters and the caller-scoped item_include_callback.
		 * Plugins can use this to enforce universal inclusion rules regardless of
		 * what the caller passed in $args.
		 *
		 * @since 7.1.0
		 *
		 * @param bool       $include Whether to include the ability. Default true (after declarative filters pass).
		 * @param WP_Ability $ability The ability instance being evaluated.
		 * @param array      $args    The full $args array passed to wp_get_abilities().
		 */
		$include = (bool) apply_filters( &#039;wp_get_abilities_item_include&#039;, $include, $ability, $args );

		if ( $include ) {
			$matched[ $name ] = $ability;
		}
	}

	// Step 4: Caller-scoped result callback.
	if ( null !== $result_callback ) {
		$matched = (array) call_user_func( $result_callback, $matched );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the full list of matched abilities after all per-item filtering is complete.
	 *
	 * Fires after the caller-scoped result_callback. Plugins can use this to sort,
	 * paginate, or reshape the final result set universally.
	 *
	 * @since 7.1.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Ability[] $matched The matched abilities after all filtering.
	 * @param array        $args    The full $args array passed to wp_get_abilities().
	 */
	return (array) apply_filters( &#039;wp_get_abilities_result&#039;, $matched, $args );
}

/**
 * Checks whether an ability&#039;s meta array matches a set of required key/value conditions.
 *
 * All conditions must match (AND logic). Supports nested arrays for structured meta,
 * e.g. `array( &#039;mcp&#039; =&gt; array( &#039;public&#039; =&gt; true ) )`.
 *
 * @since 7.1.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @param array $meta       The ability&#039;s meta array.
 * @param array $conditions The required key/value conditions to match against.
 * @return bool True if all conditions match, false otherwise.
 */
function _wp_get_abilities_match_meta( array $meta, array $conditions ): bool {
	foreach ( $conditions as $key =&gt; $value ) {
		if ( ! array_key_exists( $key, $meta ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( is_array( $value ) ) {
			if ( ! is_array( $meta[ $key ] ) || ! _wp_get_abilities_match_meta( $meta[ $key ], $value ) ) {
				return false;
			}
		} elseif ( $meta[ $key ] !== $value ) {
			return false;
		}
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Registers a new ability category.
 *
 * Ability categories provide a way to organize and group related abilities for better
 * discoverability and management. Ability categories must be registered before abilities
 * that reference them.
 *
 * Ability categories must be registered on the `wp_abilities_api_categories_init` action hook.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     function my_plugin_register_categories() {
 *         wp_register_ability_category(
 *             &#039;content-management&#039;,
 *             array(
 *                 &#039;label&#039;       =&gt; __( &#039;Content Management&#039;, &#039;my-plugin&#039; ),
 *                 &#039;description&#039; =&gt; __( &#039;Abilities for managing and organizing content.&#039;, &#039;my-plugin&#039; ),
 *             )
 *         );
 *     }
 *     add_action( &#039;wp_abilities_api_categories_init&#039;, &#039;my_plugin_register_categories&#039; );
 *
 * @since 6.9.0
 *
 * @see WP_Ability_Categories_Registry::register()
 * @see wp_register_ability()
 * @see wp_unregister_ability_category()
 *
 * @param string               $slug The unique slug for the ability category. Must contain only lowercase
 *                                   alphanumeric characters and dashes (e.g., &#039;data-export&#039;).
 * @param array&lt;string, mixed&gt; $args {
 *     An associative array of arguments for the ability category.
 *
 *     @type string               $label       Required. The human-readable label for the ability category.
 *     @type string               $description Required. A description of what abilities in this category do.
 *     @type array&lt;string, mixed&gt; $meta        Optional. Additional metadata for the ability category.
 * }
 * @return WP_Ability_Category|null The registered ability category instance on success, `null` on failure.
 */
function wp_register_ability_category( string $slug, array $args ): ?WP_Ability_Category {
	if ( ! doing_action( &#039;wp_abilities_api_categories_init&#039; ) ) {
		_doing_it_wrong(
			__FUNCTION__,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: wp_abilities_api_categories_init, 2: ability category slug. */
				__( &#039;Ability categories must be registered on the %1$s action. The ability category %2$s was not registered.&#039; ),
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;wp_abilities_api_categories_init&lt;/code&gt;&#039;,
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;&#039; . esc_html( $slug ) . &#039;&lt;/code&gt;&#039;
			),
			&#039;6.9.0&#039;
		);
		return null;
	}

	$registry = WP_Ability_Categories_Registry::get_instance();
	if ( null === $registry ) {
		return null;
	}

	return $registry-&gt;register( $slug, $args );
}

/**
 * Unregisters an ability category.
 *
 * Removes a previously registered ability category from the global registry. Use this to
 * disable ability categories that are no longer needed.
 *
 * Can be called at any time after the ability category has been registered.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     if ( wp_has_ability_category( &#039;deprecated-category&#039; ) ) {
 *         wp_unregister_ability_category( &#039;deprecated-category&#039; );
 *     }
 *
 * @since 6.9.0
 *
 * @see WP_Ability_Categories_Registry::unregister()
 * @see wp_register_ability_category()
 *
 * @param string $slug The slug of the ability category to unregister.
 * @return WP_Ability_Category|null The unregistered ability category instance on success, `null` on failure.
 */
function wp_unregister_ability_category( string $slug ): ?WP_Ability_Category {
	$registry = WP_Ability_Categories_Registry::get_instance();
	if ( null === $registry ) {
		return null;
	}

	return $registry-&gt;unregister( $slug );
}

/**
 * Checks if an ability category is registered.
 *
 * Use this for conditional logic and feature detection before attempting to
 * retrieve or use an ability category.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     // Displays different UI based on available ability categories.
 *     if ( wp_has_ability_category( &#039;premium-features&#039; ) ) {
 *         echo &#039;Premium Features Available&#039;;
 *     } else {
 *         echo &#039;Standard Features&#039;;
 *     }
 *
 * @since 6.9.0
 *
 * @see WP_Ability_Categories_Registry::is_registered()
 * @see wp_get_ability_category()
 *
 * @param string $slug The slug of the ability category to check.
 * @return bool `true` if the ability category is registered, `false` otherwise.
 */
function wp_has_ability_category( string $slug ): bool {
	$registry = WP_Ability_Categories_Registry::get_instance();
	if ( null === $registry ) {
		return false;
	}

	return $registry-&gt;is_registered( $slug );
}

/**
 * Retrieves a registered ability category.
 *
 * Returns the ability category instance for inspection or use. The instance provides access
 * to the ability category&#039;s configuration and metadata.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     // Prints information about a registered ability category.
 *     $ability_category = wp_get_ability_category( &#039;content-management&#039; );
 *     if ( $ability_category ) {
 *         echo $ability_category-&gt;get_label() . &#039;: &#039; . $ability_category-&gt;get_description();
 *     }
 *
 * @since 6.9.0
 *
 * @see WP_Ability_Categories_Registry::get_registered()
 * @see wp_has_ability_category()
 * @see wp_get_ability_categories()
 *
 * @param string $slug The slug of the ability category.
 * @return WP_Ability_Category|null The ability category instance, or `null` if not registered.
 */
function wp_get_ability_category( string $slug ): ?WP_Ability_Category {
	$registry = WP_Ability_Categories_Registry::get_instance();
	if ( null === $registry ) {
		return null;
	}

	return $registry-&gt;get_registered( $slug );
}

/**
 * Retrieves all registered ability categories.
 *
 * Returns an array of all ability category instances currently registered in the system.
 * Use this for discovery, debugging, or building administrative interfaces.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     // Prints information about all available ability categories.
 *     $ability_categories = wp_get_ability_categories();
 *     foreach ( $ability_categories as $ability_category ) {
 *         echo $ability_category-&gt;get_label() . &#039;: &#039; . $ability_category-&gt;get_description() . &quot;\n&quot;;
 *     }
 *
 * @since 6.9.0
 *
 * @see WP_Ability_Categories_Registry::get_all_registered()
 * @see wp_get_ability_category()
 *
 * @return WP_Ability_Category[] An array of registered ability category instances. Returns an empty array
 *                               if no ability categories are registered or if the registry is unavailable.
 */
function wp_get_ability_categories(): array {
	$registry = WP_Ability_Categories_Registry::get_instance();
	if ( null === $registry ) {
		return array();
	}

	return $registry-&gt;get_all_registered();
}
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